![]() Lining cells are flat bone cells that completely cover the outside surface of bones. These cells often work with osteoblasts to heal and reshape bone after a break (the osteoclasts break down the extra callus formed by the healing process) to make room for new blood vessels and nerves and to make bones thicker and stronger. Osteoclasts break down existing bone material and reabsorb it. They are formed from old osteoblasts that have gotten stuck in the center of bones. Osteocytes, found in the compact bone, are responsible for exchanging minerals and communicating with other cells in the vicinity. When osteoblasts successfully finish their job, they retire to become osteocytes or lining cells. The cells create a flexible material called osteoid and then fortify it with minerals to harden and strengthen it. ![]() Osteoblasts are cells that create new or repair existing bone material as the bones grow or break. There are four main types of cells within bones: Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts and lining cells, according to the NCBI. Blood vessels run through both types of bone marrow to deliver nutrients and remove waste from the bones. The other half of marrow is yellow bone marrow, which is found in long bones, such as thigh bones, and consists primarily of fat. Infant's bones contain all red bone marrow to produce enough blood cells to keep up with the youngsters' growth. This is where all red and white blood cells and platelets (cells that help a cut stop bleeding) are made. Approximately half is red bone marrow, which is found mainly within flat bones such as shoulder blades and ribs. Two types of bone marrow fill the pores in spongy bone. Most often found toward the ends of individual bones, the spongy bone material is filled with bone marrow, nerves and blood vessels. Microscopic passages in between the cells to allow nerves and blood vessels to pass through.Ībout 20% of each bone is spongy bone, which is filled with large holes and passages. Compact bone consists primarily of cells called osteocytes. Compact bone makes up the outer layers of the bone and protects the inner parts of the bones where many vital functions occur, such as bone marrow production. Three main types of material make up every bone in your body: compact bone, spongy bone and bone marrow, according to the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University.Īpproximately 80% of every bone is compact bone, which is the hardest and strongest type of bone and is what allows the body to support its weight. (Image credit: Ross Toro, Livescience contributor) What's inside your bones?Īll about your body's skeleton, the framework of bones that keeps you together. For example, the female pelvis is typically more broad, thin, and round than the male pelvis, according to the National Museum of Natural History. There are some variations between male and female skeletons. These small, round bones are embedded in tendons and protect them from the great pressure and force they encounter. Sesamoid bones are found in the hands, wrists, feet, ears and knees.Irregular bones are those in the spinal cord and face, which, because of their unique dimension, don't fit in any of the other shape categories.These curved, thin bones protect internal organs and provide an anchor for muscles. Flat bones make up the skull, shoulder blades, sternum and ribs.Short bones are found in the wrists and ankles and are about equal in their length, width and thickness.They move when the muscles around them contract, and they are the most mobile parts of the skeleton. These bones are longer than they are wide and are cylindrical. Long bones are found in the arms, legs, fingers and toes.The upper portion allows for a greater range of motion when lifting and carrying objects.īones are further classified by their shape: long, short, flat, irregular or sesamoid, according to SEER. The lower portion of the appendicular skeleton protects the major organs associated with digestion and reproduction and provides stability when a person is walking or running. The remaining 126 bones make up the appendicular skeleton they include the arms, legs, shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle.
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